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Race, Migration, & Indigeneity

The inter- and multidisciplinary field of Race, Migration, & Indigeneity considers the ways in which race interweaves with historical and contemporary formations of identity

Introduction

This guide is meant to orient you to the conversation around land acknowledgments in universities and other cultural institutions, and provide resources to help you better understand the history and impact of this practice.

Ultimately, a land acknowledgment is not only a recognition, it is also a commitment (and an ongoing one). These statements, whether written or uttered, remind us that our relationship with the land (which preexists the act of acknowledgment, even if that relationship is tense, estranged, or otherwise challenged and challenging) is vital, and thus encourage us to center our responsibility to place and the other-than-human world. The resources we have curated here will help you better understand how to engage in a thoughtful practice of acknowledgement and recognition, of the land and the communities who have continuously cared for our world across time, while also challenging you to engage more deeply with Indigenous experiences and decolonial perspectives.


"Land is more than the diaphanousness of inhabited memories; Land is spiritual, emotional, and relational; Land is experiential, (re)membered, and storied; Land is consciousness—Land is sentient. Land refers to the ways we honor and respect her as a sentient and conscious being. Therefore, in acknowledgment of the fundamental being of Land I always capitalize Land. I have come to know Land both as a fundamental sentient being and as a philosophical construct."


—Sandra Styres (Kanien'kehá:ka) from "Literacies of Land: Decolonizing Narratives, Storying, and Literature" (in Indigenous and Decolonizing Studies in Education)

Living Land Acknowledgment

Indigenize Indiana logo.We are always on Indigenous land.

Indiana University and the city of Bloomington occupy lands of enduring historical and cultural significance, and that for some was, is, and will always be home, to a number of Indigenous groups, including the myaamiaki (Miami)Lënape (Delaware)saawanwa (Shawnee), kiikaapoa (Kickapoo), and Neshnabé/Bodwéwadmik (Potawatomi) peoples. We honor and acknowledge the ancestral and contemporary caretakers of this place, as well as our nonhuman spirits, elders, and guides, offer gratitude for being held and nourished by the land, and recognize the inherent sovereignty and resilience of all Native communities who have survived and still thrive to this day on Turtle Island in spite of the systemic subjugation, dispossession, and genocide that constitute the ongoing reality of settler-colonialism.

As learners, educators, and librarians, we will actively endeavor to challenge the legacies of settler-colonialism and Indigenous oppression, reject extractive and exploitative logics (both material and conceptual), continue to enact an orientation of humility, gratitude, and reciprocity toward/with local and trans-national Indigenous communities, and work to honor those who are here with us today.

We encourage all, settlers and guests alike, to look beyond acknowledgement and engage with local Indigenous communities while also cultivating thoughtful relations of reciprocity with the sacred land you live on, as well as the many vibrant beings with whom you share it. 


Image: "Indigenize Indiana" logo from the First Nations Educational and Cultural Center.

An Invitation toward Movement and Reflection

As you are learning more about the land and Indigenous communities, and perhaps in the process of crafting your own territorial/land acknowledgments, here are some ideas for reorienting towards place and these communities, wherever you are in time and space:

  • Know where you are - If you are a settler on Turtle Island, or another place that was occupied by colonizers, do you know whose land are you on? Do you know what communities used to live and thrive on this land? You can use tools like Native Land to find out; remember that a land acknowledgment is both about acknowledging Indigenous people and cultivating a relationship with land and place
  • Learn the history of this place - As you come into more knowledge, take a moment to reflect with humility on what you've been taught about the land you live on and the history of that place and the people who once lived there, and perhaps still do. You can use some of the resources below, as well as primary source databases, to learn more
  • Engage with Indigenous stories and communities - Once you've engaged in this reflective practice, which is an ongoing process without a necessary end point, do some research about the people and communities who were (or are) indigenous to that place. Find out where they are now (where they were displaced to), and get to know their stories, histories, and experiences. You might find books, articles, or other media (such as music and films) by creators and artists from these communities, learn about their cultural events and traditions, and slowly develop a relationship with them in the present
  • Listen and act - Along the way, and as these connections deepen, listen and pay attention to what your Native neighbors, colleagues, and friends are asking of you, their settler neighbors and the descendants of colonizers. Open yourself to supporting them through actions, solidarity work, organizing, and consciousness raising. What do they need from you? What political requests do Indigenous people have that haven't been met? Were there treaties or other agreements made to them that weren’t upheld? How can you commit to and renew those commitments with yourself and in your communities?
  • Stay in the process and remain open - Offer support when and how you can, based on and being led by Indigenous people, organizations, and communities. Continue learning and unlearning. Stay open and keep caring. And when you're ready, go deeper: there is much we can learn from our nonhuman (animal, plant, fungal, and beyond) companions as well

For more support with this work and process, please see some of the resources we've collected below.

Acknowledgment Resources

"Land is a gift, a relative, a body that sustains other bodies. And if the land is our relative, then we cannot simply acknowledge it as land. We must understand what our responsibilities are to the land as our kin. We must engage in a reciprocal relationship with the land. Land is—in its animate multiplicities—an ongoing enactment of reciprocity."


—Joseph M. Pierce (ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ / Cherokee) from "Your Land Acknowledgment is Not Enough"


If you'd to learn more about the practice and history of indigenous land acknowledgments, consult the various resources listed in this guide. Here are a few entry points:

On the history of Indigenous communities in the state of Indiana:

Treaties in Indiana

Once you're ready to begin crafting a land or territorial acknowledgment, these resources can help guide you:

Articles & Essays

Interviews

Panels/Discussions


Scholarly Articles

Ambo, T. S., & Yang, K. W. (2021). Beyond Land Acknowledgment in Settler Institutions. Social Text, 39(1), 21–46. https://doi-org.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/10.1215/01642472-8750076

Bell, C. (2020). Unsettling Existence: Land acknowledgement in contemporary Indigenous performance. Performance Research, 25(2), 141–148. https://doi-org.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/10.1080/13528165.2020.1752587

Blenkinsop, S., & Fettes, M. (2020). Land, Language and Listening: The Transformations That Can Flow from Acknowledging Indigenous Land. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 54(4), 1033–1046.

Daigle, M. (2019). The spectacle of reconciliation: On (the) unsettling responsibilities to Indigenous peoples in the academy. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(4), 703–721. https://doi-org.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/10.1177/0263775818824342

Huntington, H. P. (2021). What Do Land Acknowledgments Acknowledge? Environment, 63(4), 31–35. https://doi-org.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/10.1080/00139157.2021.1924579

Rethinking the Practice and Performance of Indigenous Land Acknowledgement. (2019). Canadian Theatre Review, 177, 20–30. https://doi-org.proxyiub.uits.iu.edu/10.3138/ctr.177.004

To learn more about the tribes, nations, and communities with ties to this land colonially known as the state of Indiana, check out their websites and consider supporting them in an ongoing way however you can:

Myaamiaki (Miami)

Lënape (Delaware)

Saawanwa (Shawnee)

Kiikaapoa (Kickapoo)

Neshnabé/Bodwéwadmik (Potawatomi)

Indigenous-led organizations and movements to learn about and listen to:

Suggestions for Indigenous organizations and projects to support and engage with:

Native organizations and other relevant institutions in Indiana:

Going deeper, towards a decolonial future

Read

Learn

Act

Recommended Local Indigenous Resources

The resources gathered here are meant to continue pushing members of the Indiana University community beyond land acknowledgments, and to approach this work with humility and engage with the experiences and perspectives of Indigenous people, particularly the myaamiaki (Miami)Lënape (Delaware)saawanwa (Shawnee), Neshnabé/Bodwéwadmik (Potawatomi), and kiikaapoa (Kickapoo) peoples, in their own voices. Our goal is to amplify the stories, poetry, artwork, film, and resources created by members of these communities to helps all of us, especially settlers and guests on this land, to become more self-aware and accountable. 

We've also included a selection of foundational works of Indigenous history and culture, as well as a brief overview of recommended works by non-Native creators about these groups with roots in this place.

About the Playlist

This mix features artists from the tribes and communities recognized by IU as past, present, and future caretakers of the land this institution occupies. A work in progress, we welcome suggestions for artists from these groups for inclusion.

Note: To enjoy the playlist in full, click on the white Spotify icon in the upper-right corner of the playlist, and press the "like" (♡) button in the application to save.

Foundational resources by Native creators and artists relevant to Indigenous history, culture, and experience, from outside of the five nations, tribes, and groups we recognize and acknowledge as connected to this land. If you are just getting started on learning about Indigeneity, this is a good place to begin exploring

Tribal Resources

The Miami Nation of Indiana (also known as the Miami Nation of Indians of the State of Indiana) is headquartered in Peru, Indiana. The Indiana Miami, or Eastern Miami, signed a treaty with the United States on June 5, 1854; however, its federal recognition was terminated in 1897. The United States Congress has consistently refused to authorize federal recognition of the Indiana Miami as a tribal group separate from the Western Miami, the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma.


Books


Film


Visual Arts


Articles

Tribal Resources


Books


Film


Visual Arts


Articles

Tribal Resources

Today, Shawnee people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes: Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.


Books


Film


Visual Arts


Articles

Tribal Resources

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians are a federally recognized Potawatomi-speaking tribe based in southwestern Michigan and northeastern Indiana.


Books


Film


Visual Arts


Articles

Film

Visual Arts


Articles

This section features media by non-Native authors about the myaamiaki, Lënape, saawanwa, Bodwéwadmik, and kiikaapoa peoples.

Books

General


Myaamiaki


Lënape


Saawanwa


Bodwéwadmik


Kiikaapoa


Film

Relevant Library Guides & Resources

If you'd like to engage more deeply with Indigenous history, worldviews, stories, and experiences, we have a number of resources beyond what we've already shared here that will expand your perspective on Indigenous people and communities.

  • Indigenous Heritage & History Month (Media Studies)
    • Selection of resources, including literature, films, podcasts, among others, celebrating Indigenous cultures and communities.
  • The Sounds of Indigenous Heritage & History Month (Media Studies)
    • Playlist of Indigenous musicians across time and genre, from musical forms dating back hundreds of years to iterations of much more recently emerged genres like hip hop, with a comprehensive write-up about the music and artists included and a selection of resources about contemporary Indigenous music.
  • Two-Spirit & Indigenous LGBTQIA Peoples (Gender Studies)
    • Feature on two-spirit and LGBTQIA identity within Indigenous communities, with recommendations of films, literature, and scholarly publications on this topic.
  • Indigenous Philosophies & Worldviews (Philosophy)
    • Resource on Indigenous philosophies and philosophers, representing an alternative to the frequently reinforced Eurocentricity of philosophy as a profession and bringing the thought and intellectual traditions of indigenous thinkers to the fore.
  • Indigenous Art & Architecture (Art, Art History, & Architecture)
    • Guide with information on Indigenous artists & architects and links to resources such as books, websites, and articles, with a balance between emerging practitioners and those who are well-known and a broad cross-section of media and processes.
  • Indigenous Design (Art, Art History, & Architecture)
    • Guide focusing on the concept of Indigenous design, and features articles and relevant firms and designers.
  • First Nations / Native American Heritage Month Streaming and DVD Resources  (Media Services)
    • Comprehensive listing of physical and streaming titles featuring Native American representation, all available through IU Libraries.
  • Youth Materials on American Indian & Indigenous Identity  (Education Library)
    • Recommended reading materials for children and young adults from the IU Bloomington Education Library's collections.
  • Lenni-Lenape Resources  (Rowan University)