The legislative branch of a government is responsible for creating the laws of the nation. In the United States, this function is carried out by the US Congress. Our Congress is bicameral, which means that it has two houses. The upper house is called the Senate and the lower house is called the House of Representatives. While both halves of Congress must be involved to pass any law, each half has slightly different powers and responsibilities.
Each state is represented in the Senate by two Senators regardless of the state's size or population. Each Senator serves a six year term and are not limited in the number of terms they may serve. There are 50 states so there are 100 Senators, one-third of which are up election every two years. The leader of the Senate is the Vice-President of the United States who presides over the Senate's proceedings, but only votes to break a tie.
The Senate's special responsibilities largely involve the approval of treaties and the confirmation of many federal officers, including Supreme Court judges and the President's Cabinet Secretaries. The Senate also conducts the trial of those who have been impeached by the House of Representatives.
In 1911, the total number of Representatives was capped at 495. Every ten years, these seats are apportioned (or divided up) according to the population reports in the Decennial Census. Each state is entitled to at least one Representative, but most states have a large enough population to be divided into many districts, each of which elects one representative to the House. As of this writing, the State of Indiana has nine Representatives. Representatives serve two year terms and are not limited in the number of terms they may serve. Every two years, the entire House is up for election. The leader of the House is called the Speaker of the House and is elected to that position by the Representatives themselves.
Both houses of Congress submit bills to be considered for ratification into law, but only the House of Representatives may introduce bills about revenue. Also, before a federal officer can be sent to trial before the Senate, charges must be pressed against them through impeachment proceedings in the House.
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ProQuest Congressional provides indexing and full-text access to various publications of the U.S. Congress. It provides easy search access to congressional publications and includes full-text of reports, bills and resolutions, and laws.
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Comprehensive information on Congressional bills, laws, proceedings provided by the Library of Congress, the Congressional Record and information on Members and Congressional Committees.
Library of Congress web site that provides full text of bills, resolutions, and laws as well as tracking legislation through the Congressional process. For historical access to Congressional publications and information, contact the staff in Government Information, Maps and Microform Services, C264 Wells Library.
U.S. Federal Government website, mandated by law, to assure secure access to information produced by federal agencies. Formerly FDSYS (Federal Digital System), and prior to that, GPOACCESS.
A service of the U.S. Government Printing Office, govinfo provides free electronic access to a wealth of important information products produced by the Federal Government. The information provided on this site is the official, published version and the information retrieved can be used without restriction, unless specifically noted. This free service is funded by the Federal Depository Library Program and has grown out of Public Law 103-40, known as the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Enhancement Act of 1993.
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Provides coverage of congressional legislation from 1945 to today. Provides analysis of legislation through Congress, including how bills are changed, derailed, or passed
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A research and reference tool for historical analysis of members of Congress, their voting behavior, and the legislative process.
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A research and reference tool for voting and elections at the state and federal level, including demographic data, bibliographies, and encyclopedia entries.
Resource for information on the American voter, major and minor political parties, campaigns and elections, and historical and modern races for Congress, the presidency, and governorships. Users can extract election results by different characteristics: candidate, office, locality, and race type over time.