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GIMMS Guide to the United States Congress

What kinds of documents does the U.S. Congress produce and how can I access them at Indiana University? Find out here!

Introduction to the US Congress

The legislative branch of a government is responsible for creating the laws of the nation. In the United States, this function is carried out by the US Congress. Our Congress is bicameral, which means that it has two houses. The upper house is called the Senate and the lower house is called the House of Representatives. While both halves of Congress must be involved to pass any law, each half has slightly different powers and responsibilities.

The Senate

Each state is represented in the Senate by two Senators regardless of the state's size or population. Each Senator serves a six year term and are not limited in the number of terms they may serve. There are 50 states so there are 100 Senators, one-third of which are up election every two years. The leader of the Senate is the Vice-President of the United States who presides over the Senate's proceedings, but only votes to break a tie.

The Senate's special responsibilities largely involve the approval of treaties and the confirmation of many federal officers, including Supreme Court judges and the President's Cabinet Secretaries. The Senate also conducts the trial of those who have been impeached by the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives

In 1911, the total number of Representatives was capped at 495. Every ten years, these seats are apportioned (or divided up) according to the population reports in the Decennial Census. Each state is entitled to at least one Representative, but most states have a large enough population to be divided into many districts, each of which elects one representative to the House. As of this writing, the State of Indiana has nine Representatives. Representatives serve two year terms and are not limited in the number of terms they may serve. Every two years, the entire House is up for election. The leader of the House is called the Speaker of the House and is elected to that position by the Representatives themselves.

Both houses of Congress submit bills to be considered for ratification into law, but only the House of Representatives may introduce bills about revenue. Also, before a federal officer can be sent to trial before the Senate, charges must be pressed against them through impeachment proceedings in the House.

Help at Indiana University

We are always happy to help you find what you need. If your questions aren't answered in this LibGuide, feel free to contact Government Information, Maps, and Microform Services anytime! libgimms@indiana.edu or 812-855-6924.

Basic Congressional Resources

Primary Sources

Find the documents themselves.

Congressional Quarterly Databases

CQ is a private entity specializing in congressional research and reporting. IU subscribes to many of its services. CQ Press Library is a gateway to all of them.

Learn About Congress

The Legislative Process

The People of Congress

Congressional Districts

Other Resources