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Open Educational Resources (OER)

An introduction to finding, evaluating, and using Open Educational Resources

Accessibility in OER

IU OER Accessibility Requirements

Open Educational Resources (OER) developed through our programs must adhere to WCAG 2.2 guidelines. We provide comprehensive support, including training and access to campus resources, to ensure that fellows' materials meet these accessibility standards.

The key aspects of WCAG 2.2 are:

  1. Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presented in ways that users can perceive. This includes providing text alternatives for non-text content and ensuring that content is adaptable to different presentation formats.
  2. Operable: User interface components and navigation must be operable. This involves making all functionality available from a keyboard and providing users enough time to read and use content.
  3. Understandable: Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable. This includes making text readable and predictable, and providing input assistance when necessary.
  4. Robust: Content must be robust enough to be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. This involves maximizing compatibility with current and future user tools.

These principles ensure that web content is accessible to a broader range of people with disabilities.

Headings

Headings are crucial for accessibility because they help organize content in a clear and logical manner, making it easier for all users, including those with disabilities, to navigate and understand the information. Here are some key reasons why headings are important:

Improved Navigation: Headings allow users to quickly scan and locate specific sections of content, which is especially helpful for those using screen readers or other assistive technologies.

Content Structure: They provide a hierarchical structure to the content, helping users understand the relationship between different sections and the overall flow of the document.

Enhanced Readability: Clear headings break up large blocks of text, making the content more readable and less overwhelming.

SEO Benefits: Proper use of headings can improve search engine optimization (SEO), making the content more discoverable.

Consistency: Headings ensure a consistent format throughout the document, which aids in comprehension and retention of information.

By using headings effectively, content creators can make their materials more accessible and user-friendly for everyone.

Alt Text

Alt text, or alternative text, is a written description embedded within the metadata of an image, enabling screen readers to convey the image's content to visually impaired users. Although this text is not visible to the user, it provides essential context for the image's relevance and purpose within the work. Images should be selected for their instructionall value and relevance to the text. When creating alt text for educational materials, focus on what the student should learn from the image rather than merely describing its appearance.

Importance of Alt Text for Accessibility:

  • Inclusivity: Ensures that visually impaired users can understand and benefit from the content.
  • Contextual Understanding: Provides necessary context that enhances the learning experience.
  • Compliance: Meets accessibility standards and legal requirements, promoting equal access to information.

By thoughtfully crafting alt text, educators can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment for all students.

Captions

Captions and transcripts enhance accessibility for audiovisual content by offering visual representations of auditory materials. They enable individuals with hearing impairments or those without access to audio to engage with the content effectively. Additionally, captions support ESL (English as a Second Language) learners, as they can be translated to facilitate comprehension. Unlike captions, transcripts are separate written documents that can be provided independently of the audio, allowing for easier machine searching and review without the need to listen to the entire audio.

Importance of Alt Text for Accessibility:

  • Inclusivity: Ensures that visually impaired users can understand and benefit from the content.
  • Contextual Understanding: Provides necessary context that enhances the learning experience.
  • Compliance: Meets accessibility standards and legal requirements, promoting equal access to information.

By thoughtfully crafting alt text, educators can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment for all students.

Color Contrast

Color contrast is crucial for accessibility because it ensures that text and visual elements are easily distinguishable for users with low vision or color blindness. Proper contrast helps everyone, including those with visual impairments, to read and understand content without strain or difficulty. This is especially important for creating inclusive and accessible educational resources.

Offline Versions

Having offline versions of course materials is important for equity in the classroom because it ensures that all students have access to the resources they need, regardless of their internet connectivity. This is particularly crucial for students who live in areas with unreliable or no internet access, face financial restraints, have different learning preferences, and/or experience technical issues.

Digital equity in education refers to ensuring that all students have equal access to technology, digital resources, and the skills needed to use them effectively. This concept is crucial for creating an inclusive learning environment where every student has the opportunity to succeed, regardless of their socioeconomic status, geographic location, or other barriers. Key aspects of digital equity include:

  • Access to Devices: Ensuring that all students have access to necessary devices like computers, tablets, or smartphones.
  • Internet Connectivity: Providing reliable and affordable internet access to all students, especially those in underserved or rural areas.
  • Digital Literacy: Teaching students the skills needed to use technology effectively and safely.
  • Inclusive Content: Creating and providing digital content that is accessible to all students, including those with disabilities.
  • Support and Training: Offering support and training for both students and educators to effectively integrate technology into the learning process.

By addressing these areas, educational institutions can help bridge the digital divide and promote equal opportunities for all students.

Hyperlinks

Labeling hyperlinks is important for accessibility because it ensures that all users, including those with disabilities, can understand the purpose and destination of the links. Here are key reasons why properly labeled hyperlinks are crucial:

  1. Clarity and Context: Descriptive labels provide clear information about what users can expect when they click on a link, helping them navigate content more effectively.
  2. Screen Reader Compatibility: Screen readers rely on link text to convey information to visually impaired users. Vague or non-descriptive link text can lead to confusion and hinder navigation.
  3. Enhanced Usability: Well-labeled links improve the overall user experience by making it easier for everyone to find relevant information quickly.
  4. SEO Benefits: Descriptive link text can improve search engine optimization, making content more discoverable.
  5. Compliance: Properly labeled hyperlinks help meet accessibility standards and legal requirements, promoting equal access to information.

By ensuring hyperlinks are clearly labeled, content creators can make their materials more accessible and user-friendly for all. Additionally if the link ever breaks, the creator will know what the link was supposed to convey and be able to replace it.